Commercial air source heat pumps use electricity to heat or cool buildings. During winter, they extract warmth from outdoor air, even in temperatures as low as -15°C, and transfer it indoors via a compressor or heat exchanger. This method of heating buildings and hot water is comparable to a conventional boiler.

VRF systems are considered either a heat pump system or a heat recovery system, which can heat and cool simultaneously. VRF systems obtain their high efficiency through the use of inverter compressors. Inverter systems allow the compressor to ramp up or down based on the needs within each space.

Central AC systems are known for their energy efficiency, ease of temperature control, and ability to handle high cooling loads, making them suitable for larger commercial spaces.

Air-to-water heat pumps work by circulating heated water through radiators or underfloor heating systems in a home. Unlike mini-splits, which use refrigerant, these systems transfer heat from the outside air to water that circulates within the building.