How does air conditioning work as a split HVAC system? A split HVAC system consists of separate indoor and outdoor units connected by copper tubing.
Typically, the outdoor unit houses the compressor and condenser, while the indoor unit contains the evaporator coil and an air handling unit that distributes air through the ductwork in your home. This configuration differs from HVAC packaged units, where all components are combined into a single unit.
There are various types of split systems, including heat pump systems and air conditioning systems. Larger homes may require multiple air conditioners installed outside, paired with either a gas furnace or a fan coil located inside the home.
Different Types of Heating and Cooling Split Systems
Heat Pumps
Heat pumps operate on electricity and transfer heat from the outside air—regardless of how cold it is—into your home. The outdoor unit contains a compressor and heat exchanger, while the indoor unit features an air handler and fan to circulate air throughout the home.
Air Conditioners
Split-system air conditioners consist of an outdoor unit with the condenser and compressor, and an indoor unit that includes the evaporator coil, air handler, furnace, and filters. The outdoor unit handles heat removal, while the indoor unit distributes cool air inside the home.
Furnaces
Furnaces are indoor units that burn fuel, such as gas or propane, to heat the air. This heated air is then distributed through the home’s ductwork.
Fan Coils
Fan coils are indoor units that pass air over a coil to heat or cool it based on the season. The conditioned air is then distributed through the home’s ductwork.
Ductless vs. Ducted Systems
Split-system HVAC systems can be either ducted or ductless. Ducted systems use ductwork to circulate air from the furnace, fan coil, or heat pump for heating, and from the air conditioner, heat pump, or fan coil for cooling. Ductless mini-split systems, on the other hand, use individual air handlers placed in specific areas of the home to provide targeted heating or cooling without the need for ductwork.
What Are the Benefits of Split Air Conditioning?
Split HVAC systems offer several advantages over packaged units. However, it's essential to note that the best HVAC system for your home, apartment, or condo can vary. The ideal choice depends on your specific needs and circumstances. Our dedicated team of Carrier experts can assist you in determining the most suitable HVAC system for your home and budget.
Efficiency
The efficiency ratings for HVAC split systems can vary widely, from the minimum efficiency allowed by the Department of Energy (DOE) to high-efficiency systems with ratings up to 24 SEER2. A more energy-efficient unit can help you save money on heating and cooling costs, typically the most expensive components of your energy bill.
Customization
Split HVAC systems consist of two separate components—an indoor and an outdoor unit—allowing for greater customization in system setup. This flexibility enables you to tailor the system to fit your specific needs and the unique layout of your home.
What Are the Downsides of a Split System Air Conditioner?
More Expensive Installation
Split HVAC systems generally have higher installation costs compared to packaged units. This is because the system comprises two separate units—an indoor and an outdoor component. The installation costs can increase if the two units need to be installed farther apart. Additionally, ductless split systems may have more expensive units, but they do not require ductwork, which can offset some of the installation expenses.
Outside Noise
The outdoor compressor can be noisy, especially if not properly maintained. This noise can disrupt outdoor activities in your yard or on your patio. It can also be problematic for light sleepers if the outdoor unit is placed close to a bedroom.
Outdoor Unit Requires Space
Split systems require space for the outdoor compressor unit. This can be challenging if you have limited outdoor space, such as in a small yard or a densely populated area. The need for an outdoor unit can be a constraint in such situations.
